A Workflow to publish Collections as Data: looking back at Europeana.eu and forward to the common European data space for cultural heritage

Gustavo Candela; Sally Chambers; Alba Irollo; Nuno Freire; Vicky Dritsou; Antoine Isaac; Agiatis Benardou; Vicky Garnett; Toma Tasovac

doi:10.46298/transformations.14774

Article

A Workflow to publish Collections as Data: looking back at Europeana.eu and forward to the common European data space for cultural heritage

Gustavo Candela

⁽¹⁾, Sally Chambers

⁽²⁾, Alba Irollo

⁽³⁾, Nuno Freire

⁽³⁾, Vicky Dritsou

⁽⁴⁾, Antoine Isaac

⁽³⁾, Agiatis Benardou

⁽⁴⁾, Vicky Garnett

⁽⁴⁾, Toma Tasovac

⁽⁴⁾

(1) University of Alicante

(2) British Library

(3) Europeana Foundation

(4) Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities

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Submitted on

November 15, 2024

Accepted on

April 14, 2025

Published on

June 24, 2025

Last modified on

September 22, 2026

Volume 1

Workflows

Metadata-based workflows

DOI

10.46298/transformations.14774

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A Workflow to publish Collections as Data: looking back at Europeana.eu and forward to the common European data space for cultural heritage

Gustavo Candela

⁽¹⁾, Sally Chambers

⁽²⁾, Alba Irollo

⁽³⁾, Nuno Freire

⁽³⁾, Vicky Dritsou

⁽⁴⁾, Antoine Isaac

⁽³⁾, Agiatis Benardou

⁽⁴⁾, Vicky Garnett

⁽⁴⁾, Toma Tasovac

⁽⁴⁾

(1) University of Alicante

(2) British Library

(3) Europeana Foundation

(4) Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities

Abstract

English

For decades, cultural heritage (CH) institutions have been making their digital collections available for potential communities of users. Recent advances in technology, such as machine learning, have provided a new context in which digital collections are a rich resource that can be analysed and reused by means of computational methods, for example in the humanities. Initiatives such as Collections as Data, the FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, reusable and CARE (collective benefit, authority to control, responsibility, ethics) data principles, and experimental Labs provide best practices and guidelines for publishing digital collections suitable for responsible computational use. In addition, data spaces have recently emerged as a new concept to foster creation, access and reuse of heritage data in which CH institutions play a key role as data providers. In this work we present a workflow for adopting Collections as Data in CH data spaces. The workflow has been developed in the context of the common European data space for cultural heritage and published on the Social Sciences and Humanities (SSH) Open Marketplace. It aims to support CH institutions, humanities researchers and computer scientists interested in making CH data available in data spaces. The article illustrates how the workflow can be adopted by CH institutions or applied by researchers wishing to publish digital collections suitable for computational use. We also demonstrate how the workflow is being adopted in the common European data space for cultural heritage, and describe a selection of potential areas that we believe will most benefit from the wide application of the workflow in the CH domain.

Greek

Εδώ και αρκετές δεκαετίες, οι φορείς Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς διαθέτουν τις ψηφιακές συλλογές τους διαδικτυακά, επιδιώκοντας τη διεύρυνση της προσβασιμότητάς τους και την αξιοποίησή τους από ένα ευρύ και διαφοροποιημένο σύνολο χρηστών. Οι πρόσφατες εξελίξεις στις τεχνολογίες της πληροφορίας, όπως η πρόοδος στον τομέα της Μηχανικής Μάθησης, έχουν διαμορφώσει ένα νέο τεχνολογικό πλαίσιο. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, οι ψηφιακές συλλογές δεν αντιμετωπίζονται πλέον αποκλειστικά ως τεκμήρια πολιτιστικού περιεχομένου, αλλά αναγνωρίζονται ως πολύτιμα σύνολα δεδομένων, ικανά να αναλυθούν και να επαναχρησιμοποιηθούν μέσω υπολογιστικών μεθόδων στο πεδίο των Ψηφιακών Ανθρωπιστικών Επιστημών. Πρωτοβουλίες όπως η θεώρηση των Συλλογών ως ∆εδομένα, οι αρχές FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) και CARE (Collective Benefit, Authority to Control, Responsibility, Ethics), καθώς και τα πειραματικά εργαστήρια, προσφέρουν κατευθυντήριες γραμμές και βέλτιστες πρακτικές για τη δημοσίευση ψηφιακών συλλογών με τρόπο που καθιστά εφικτή και αξιόπιστη την υπολογιστική αξιοποίησή τους. Στο ίδιο πλαίσιο, η έννοια των χώρων δεδομένων (data spaces) αναδύεται ως νέα βάση για την ενίσχυση της δημιουργίας, της πρόσβασης και της επανάχρησης δεδομένων Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς, όπου οι φορείς της διαδραματίζουν κρίσιμο ρόλο ως πάροχοι δεδομένων. Στο παρόν άρθρο παρουσιάζουμε μια ροή εργασίας (workflow) για την εφαρμογή της προσέγγισης Συλλογές ως ∆εδομένα (Collections as Data) εντός των χώρων δεδομένων Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς. Η ροή αυτή έχει αναπτυχθεί στο πλαίσιο του Κοινού Ευρωπαϊκού Χώρου ∆εδομένων για την Πολιτιστική Κληρονομιά και έχει δημοσιευθεί στην πλατφόρμα Social Sciences and Humanities Open Marketplace. Στόχος της είναι να υποστηρίξει φορείς Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς, ερευνητές των Ανθρωπιστικών Επιστημών και επιστήμονες Πληροφορικής που επιδιώκουν τη συστηματική διάθεση και επαναχρησιμοποίηση δεδομένων Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς μέσω υπολογιστικών διαδικασιών. Η παρούσα μελέτη εξετάζει τις δυνατότητες υιοθέτησης της εν λόγω ροής εργασίας τόσο από θεσμικούς φορείς όσο και από μεμονωμένους ερευνητές, και αποτυπώνει την εφαρμογή της στο πλαίσιο του Κοινού Ευρωπαϊκού Χώρου ∆εδομένων για την Πολιτιστική Κληρονομιά. Επιπλέον, αναδεικνύει ενδεικτικούς τομείς εφαρμογής, οι οποίοι εκτιμάται ότι θα ωφεληθούν ουσιωδώς από την ευρύτερη υιοθέτηση της προτεινόμενης ροής εργασίας εντός του πεδίου της Πολιτιστικής Κληρονομιάς.

Keywords

Digital Libraries
Collections as Data
Digital Collections
Workflows
Metadata
Data Spaces
GLAM
Cultural Heritage Data
Datasets
Digital Humanities
Research Data

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References

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A Workflow to publish Collections as Data: looking back at Europeana.eu and forward to the common European data space for cultural heritage

Gustavo Candela

⁽¹⁾, Sally Chambers

⁽²⁾, Alba Irollo

⁽³⁾, Nuno Freire

⁽³⁾, Vicky Dritsou

⁽⁴⁾, Antoine Isaac

⁽³⁾, Agiatis Benardou

⁽⁴⁾, Vicky Garnett

⁽⁴⁾, Toma Tasovac

⁽⁴⁾

(1) University of Alicante

(2) British Library

(3) Europeana Foundation

(4) Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities

A Workflow to publish Collections as Data: looking back at Europeana.eu and forward to the common European data space for cultural heritage

Gustavo Candela

⁽¹⁾, Sally Chambers

⁽²⁾, Alba Irollo

⁽³⁾, Nuno Freire

⁽³⁾, Vicky Dritsou

⁽⁴⁾, Antoine Isaac

⁽³⁾, Agiatis Benardou

⁽⁴⁾, Vicky Garnett

⁽⁴⁾, Toma Tasovac

⁽⁴⁾

(1) University of Alicante

(2) British Library

(3) Europeana Foundation

(4) Digital Research Infrastructure for the Arts and Humanities

Abstract

English

Greek

Keywords

Digital Libraries
Collections as Data
Digital Collections
Workflows
Metadata
Data Spaces
GLAM
Cultural Heritage Data
Datasets
Digital Humanities
Research Data

Preview

Loading PDF preview...

References

Alkemade, Henk, Steven Claeyssens, Giovanni Colavizza, Nuno Freire, Alba Irollo, Jörg Lehmann, Clemens Neudecker, Giulia Osti, and Daniel van Strien. 2023. "Datasheets for Digital Cultural Heritage Zenodo. Version 1, September. https : / / doi . org / 10 . 5281 / zenodo .8375034.
DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.8375034
Alkemade, Henk, Steven Claeyssens, Giovanni Colavizza, Nuno Freire, Jörg Lehmann, Clemens Neudecker, Giulia Osti, and Daniel van Strien. 2023. "Datasheets for Digital Cultural Heritage Datasets." Journal of Open Humanities Data 9 (1). https://doi.org/10.5334/johd .124. Ames, Sarah. 2020. "Developing the Data Foundry: The National Library of Scot- land's Data-delivery Platform." In 15th Annual International Conference of the Alliance of Digital Humanities Organiza- tions, DH 2020 (Ottawa, Canada, 20-25 2020), Conference Abstracts, edited by Laura Estill and Jennifer Guiliano. https ://dh-abstracts.library.virginia.edu/wor ks/9251.
DOI : 10.5334/johd.124
Barbot, Laure, Maja Dolinar, Edward J. Gray, Cristina Grisot, Klaus Illmayer, Michael Kurzmeier, and Barbara McGillivray. 2024. "Contextualizing Research Tools & Services Through Workflows in the SSH Open Marketplace." Journal of Open Hu- manities Data 10 (1). https://doi.org/10 .5334/johd.192.
DOI : 10.5334/johd.192
Barbot, Laure, Edward Gray, Frank Fischer, Matej Ďurčo, Alexander König, Marie Puren, Stefan Buddenbohm, Cesare Concordia, and Klaus Illmayer. 2022. "The SSH Open Marketplace: A Multi-voiced Story." Poster presented at Storytelling-DARIAH Annual Event 2022 (Athens, Greece and online, 31 May to 3 June). Zenodo. Version 1, May. https://d oi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6580303.
DOI : 10.5281/zenodo.6580303
Bekiari, Chryssoula, George Bruseker, Martin Doerr, Christian-Emil Ore, Stephen Stead, and Athanasios Velios. 2021. Definition of the CIDOC Conceptual Reference Model. Version v7.1.1. CIDOC CRM Special Interest Group. https : / / doi . org / 10 .26225/FDZH-X261.
DOI : 10.26225/FDZH-X261
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